IATA, ICAO Launch New Strategies to Protect Airlines From Cyber Threats

In April 2015, a passenger was forcibly removed from a flight after posting a tweet claiming they could hack into the airplane's in-flight entertainment system. The passenger alleged that they were able to access the aircraft's thrust management system and manipulate one of its engines to increase thrust, causing a temporary yaw. Despite the aircraft designer dismissing the claim as false, the passenger was permanently banned from flying with that airline.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_MWac3l1y4

There is growing concern regarding the integration of commercial networking technology into both newly designed and retrofitted aircraft. This incorporation has introduced potential avenues for cyber attacks. Modern aircraft designers aim to install wireless networking components to reduce weight and increase efficiency. Wireless systems minimize the need for extensive wiring, thus saving weight, reducing fuel consumption, and cutting costs. Additionally, e-enabled aircraft can download maintenance and supply requirements before arriving at the gate, reducing turnaround time and further saving costs. However, the use of wireless technology also introduces new vulnerabilities that were not present in older aircraft, potentially impacting aircraft safety. For instance, the connection between aircraft and ground systems creates an exposed link that may be susceptible to exploitation. Furthermore, internal networking within the aircraft could provide a pathway for attacking critical avionics from less protected on-board systems.

In response to these emerging threats, the Department of Homeland Security's National Cyber Security Division established a control system security program in 2004. This program led to the creation of the Industrial Control System Joint Working Group in 2009, which aims to encourage the design, development, and deployment of enhanced security measures for control systems.

Have you ever wondered how safe it is to connect to inflight WiFi? Or if hackers could access an aircraft's controls? With more planes connecting to the internet, cybersecurity is now critical. So you'd think the aviation industry would be on top of it, right? Well, not so fast. Major players like IATA and ICAO are just now getting serious about cyber strategies. But some say it's too little too late. Aircraft are vulnerable and regulations lag way behind other industries. So next time you fly, you may want to think twice before logging on. Could that inflight movie cost more than you bargained for? Read on to learn where aviation cybersecurity stands today, and what still needs to be done to protect travelers in the skies.

Schematic of In-flight system source: course Aviation Cybersecurity University of Colorado

The Growing Threat of Cyberattacks in Aviation

With aircraft becoming increasingly connected, the aviation industry faces an escalating risk of cyber threats that could disrupt operations. As cybercriminals develop more sophisticated methods to target critical infrastructure, airlines and aviation suppliers must strengthen their cybersecurity measures.

Vulnerabilities in Aircraft Systems

Modern aircraft contain multiple entry points for cyberattacks through onboard Wi-Fi networks, entertainment systems, and mobile devices. Hackers could deploy malware to access flight controls or navigation systems, endangering passengers and crew. While experts consider the possibility of cyberattacks on aircraft to be low, the potential consequences are severe. Airlines should evaluate all digital access points and review security controls regularly.

Third-Party Suppliers at Risk

Aviation companies rely heavily on third-party suppliers for aircraft parts and technology systems. However, not all suppliers may have adequate safeguards against cyber threats, creating vulnerabilities in the supply chain. By mapping their supply chain networks, airlines can identify weak links and work with suppliers to implement stronger security standards. Conducting regular audits of suppliers' cyber defenses also helps minimize risks.

The Future is at Stake

If left unaddressed, cyber threats pose a significant risk to the future of aviation. Revenue loss, decreased passenger trust, and damage to brand reputation are just some of the potential impacts of cyberattacks. As technology becomes further integrated into aircraft and operations, continuous monitoring and threat response must be priorities. By taking proactive steps to strengthen cybersecurity throughout the supply chain, the aviation industry can build resilience and safeguard its growth in an increasingly connected digital world. Overall, cyber risks require coordinated efforts across all stakeholders to keep aircraft, systems and passengers secure.

The aviation industry's increasing connectivity brings both opportunities and challenges. While technology enhances the passenger experience and operational efficiency, it also introduces new vulnerabilities that cybercriminals can exploit. By working together to map supply chains, strengthen security controls, and continuously monitor for threats, airlines and suppliers can help ensure a safer future for aviation.

IATA and ICAO Implement New Cybersecurity Strategies

With cyber threats against the aviation industry on the rise, organizations like IATA and ICAO have developed frameworks to strengthen cybersecurity regulations and practices. 

Cyber Audits Conducting comprehensive cyber audits of IT and OT systems allows airlines to identify vulnerabilities and improve security. AI systems can monitor for disruptions 24/7 and enable quick response.

AI Monitoring

Implementing AI monitoring systems provides constant surveillance to detect and address threats promptly. 

Supply Chain Mapping Mapping the supply chain gives insight into direct and indirect partners so airlines can address weaknesses and boost cybersecurity.

Neglecting cybersecurity could cost airlines revenue, passengers, and brand reputation. Suppliers and vendors may also lose business to competitors with stronger security. As technology expands in aviation, protecting systems and supply chains is key to the industry's success and growth.

The new strategies aim to remedy escalating cyber threats and secure critical infrastructure and operations. Audits establish a foundation for enhanced cybersecurity. AI systems provide 24/7 monitoring to quickly detect and respond to threats. Knowing supply chain partners helps identify and fix vulnerabilities to strengthen overall cybersecurity.

If the aviation industry ignores cybersecurity, airlines could lose money, customers, and brand trust. Suppliers and vendors may lose business to rivals with better security too. As tech spreads in aviation, protecting systems and supply chains matters for the industry to keep growing.

The remedies and recommendations in this case study offer strategies to address increasing cyberattack threats to airlines through audits, AI monitoring, and supply chain mapping. The impact and future outlook emphasize why the aviation sector must make cybersecurity a priority to ensure continued operations, revenue, reputation, and progress. Overall, the new frameworks and recommendations aim to promote a stronger, more proactive approach to cybersecurity in the aviation industry.

Conducting Cyber Audits to Identify Vulnerabilities

Regular Assessments Are Critical

As an airline, conducting regular cyber audits of your information and operational technology systems is crucial. These audits allow you to uncover vulnerabilities and weaknesses in your digital infrastructure before they can be exploited.

AI-based continuous monitoring solutions can scan your network 24/7, alerting you to any suspicious activity the moment it’s detected. But manual audits by cybersecurity experts are also important, as human judgment is still needed to fully assess risk.

Map Your Supply Chain

You may have strong cyber defenses, but what about your suppliers and vendors? Their vulnerabilities can become your vulnerabilities. Carrying out supply chain mapping allows you to identify all third parties with access to your systems and data. Then you can work with them to ensure they meet your cyber standards. If not, you may need to find alternative suppliers with better security practices. Your supply chain is only as strong as its weakest link.

Stay Ahead of Emerging Threats

The cyber landscape is always changing, with new threats emerging constantly. Regular audits help ensure your cyber protections are up-to-date and able to detect and mitigate the latest types of attacks. Things like malware, phishing emails, ransomware and DDoS attacks are becoming more advanced and sophisticated over time. If you’re not conducting routine check-ups and updating your security measures, you’re leaving yourself open to being a target.

Cyber audits and the actions they drive are integral to building a robust security posture in today’s digital world. While they do require time, resources and short-term costs, the long-term benefits to your business are substantial. Staying on top of vulnerabilities and keeping threats at bay will help ensure uninterrupted operations, protect revenue and passenger trust, and support business growth into the future. Overall, cyber audits are an investment that pays off.

Using AI Monitoring to Detect Disruptions

AI systems that continuously monitor networks and systems for anomalies can help detect potential cyber threats in real time. By analyzing huge amounts of data, AI monitoring solutions can spot irregularities that may indicate a cyberattack is underway. For airlines, implementing AI to monitor both information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems is key to identifying disruptions promptly.

Monitor IT Systems

AI should monitor airline IT systems like customer databases, email servers, and website platforms. Irregular login attempts, unauthorized access of sensitive data, or changes to system configurations could signal a cyber threat. AI can detect these anomalies and alert security teams to investigate further. Stopping an attack early limits damage and protects passenger data and company information.

Monitor OT Systems

AI should also monitor critical OT systems like aircraft avionics, maintenance systems, and cargo handling. While these systems were traditionally air-gapped, many are now connected to an airline’s network, making them targets for cyber criminals. AI systems trained on normal operating parameters can spot disruptions like attempts to manipulate aircraft components or cargo loading/unloading mechanisms. Real-time alerts allow security teams to address threats immediately and avoid disruption.

Overall, AI monitoring solutions offer 24-hour vigilance that complements an airline’s cybersecurity strategy. When implemented for both IT and OT systems, AI monitoring provides broad visibility into operations and enhances an airline’s ability to detect and respond to cyber threats efficiently. By stopping attacks early, AI helps minimize damage and ensure business continuity. As technology becomes further integrated into aviation, AI will be crucial for identifying new threat vectors and keeping aircraft, data, and operations secure.

Mapping the Supply Chain to Strengthen Defenses

As an airline, knowing exactly who your suppliers are and understanding potential vulnerabilities in indirect supply chain partners is crucial to safeguarding operations. Conducting supply chain mapping exercises gives you valuable insight into all the companies that directly or indirectly provide components for your aircraft. Once mapped, you can work to strengthen any weak links.

Supply chain mapping starts with identifying direct tier 1 suppliers that provide major aircraft parts like engines, avionics, and landing gear. But don’t stop there. These tier 1 companies have their own network of tier 2 and tier 3 suppliers that also need to be accounted for. Using tools like business intelligence software, you can dig deeper into all levels of your supply chain.

When all suppliers have been identified and connections mapped, evaluate each company’s cybersecurity measures. Do they have strategies and frameworks in place to protect digital infrastructure? Are they running regular audits to find and fix vulnerabilities? Suppliers with lax security put your own systems at risk. Consider requiring certain standards as a condition of doing business together. You may even need to diversify your supply chain by adding new partners with more robust cyber defenses.

Strengthening supply chain security often requires collaboration. Work directly with key suppliers on initiatives like conducting joint cyber audits, monitoring for threats, and implementing AI systems. Provide resources and guidance to help smaller companies bolster their security. A secure supply chain is a shared responsibility, so taking a partnership approach will benefit all parties involved.

While time consuming, supply chain mapping and building a culture of cybersecurity among suppliers is crucial to safeguarding aircraft and aviation systems. As technology becomes further integrated into aircraft and flight operations, all companies in the supply chain must make cybersecurity a top priority. Strengthening defenses at every level helps ensure the resilience and continuity of the entire aviation industry.

Hacking in-flight system

As aircraft become more connected, the risk of cyberattacks targeting in-flight systems is growing exponentially. Hackers accessing an aircraft’s avionics or in-flight entertainment systems could pose a real threat. They may be able to manipulate critical controls or access private passenger data.

Gaining Access

Hackers can gain access to aircraft systems through vulnerabilities in the Wi-Fi, entertainment systems, or by physically connecting to ports and outlets on the plane. Once in the system, they can move laterally to access other networks and controls. For example, in-flight entertainment systems are often connected to avionics systems, creating an entry point for hackers.

Manipulating Controls

If hackers gain access to an aircraft’s avionics, they could potentially manipulate critical controls like the engine, brakes or navigation systems. While pilots still have manual overrides, cyberattacks could confuse or distract them during a critical phase of flight like takeoff or landing. As aircraft become more automated and connected, hackers may even be able to directly control systems from their location.

Stealing Passenger Data

Hackers may also target aircraft systems to access private passenger data like credit card numbers, passport details, and travel records. In-flight entertainment systems that provide Wi-Fi portals for passenger devices are a prime target. Once hackers access these networks, they can deploy malware to steal data directly from passenger laptops, tablets and smartphones.

Prevention and Protection

To address these risks, aircraft manufacturers and airlines must work together to build security into aircraft systems from the start. Regular risk assessments, employee training, and penetration testing can help identify and address vulnerabilities. Strict separation of avionics and in-flight entertainment networks is also critical to limit access. By making cybersecurity a priority, the aviation industry can stay one step ahead of the growing threats.

Flying safe

You see, cybersecurity in aviation is no joke. As passengers, we put our lives in the hands of the airlines every time we step on a plane. Implementing things like cyber audits, AI monitoring, and supply chain mapping seems like a good start. But more needs to be done.